A large number of systemic pathology may lead to quality of life, complete loss of performance and even severe disability.Diseases associated with the musculoskeletal system occur not only in the elderly.Among working-age patients, every 2-3 cases were observed.The most dangerous and most untimely correction is arthritis.
This degenerative disease is accompanied by thinning of cartilage in large and small joints, which leads to a reduced amplitude of movement and is pronounced pain when trying to perform them.Severe consequences can only be prevented by appointing the results of appropriate treatments in the early stages of disease development.In this article, we will find out the causes of development, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, modern diagnosis and treatment of joint treatments.
Prevalence of joints
Please pay attention to the statistical indicators and you can find that arthritis is a very related disease and its frequency of occurrence increases every year.According to the World Health Organization, pathology was observed in seven populations of the Earth.This is first of all the detection frequency compared to other diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
Arthritis is a chronic disease of non-inflammatory causes of joints, causing deformation in affected areas
Usually, cartilage degeneration is observed in young people, more commonly in men.Interarticular communication is often detected in young girls.After reaching the age of fifty, the frequency and focus of the lesions represented by both sexes are roughly the same, about 60%.
It can be understood from the proposed data that it is important to identify pathology at an early stage to achieve the most effective drug treatment.Otherwise, treatment of joint diseases associated with financial components will be inaccessible for most elderly patients.
Causes and risk factors that lead to the development of arthritis
The frequency of occurrence of combined diseases that occur leads to the fact that the problem is acute in the medical community in high incidence countries.The clinics led by leaders spend hundreds of millions of dollars on arthritis research each year.The gradual study of the problem allows the discovery of the pathogenesis of the process and factors that can increase the likelihood of disease.
The modern and more complete classification of arthritis degeneration will be introduced below, at which stage it is sufficient to understand that the primary and secondary forms are distinct.
The causes of secondary joint disease development include the following:
- Congenital changes related to blood supply to joints;
- Injury to cartilage, ligament or bone growth zone;
- metabolism-related violations, especially with mineral connections;
- autoimmune pathology;
- Infections affecting bone tissue;
- hemophilia.
Primary arthritis is a separate disease that can develop due to the influence of this provocative factor:
- age
- Excessive weight;
- Excessive physical exercise;
- surgical intervention of joints;
- Genetic tendency;
- Inadequate diet for calcium and other minerals;
- Long-term intoxication;
- Stay in low temperatures for a long time;
- Bone joints are often injured.
Mechanisms of joint development
A normal bone joint consists of two or more heads of the joint, ligaments, cartilage and synovial fluid.All of these structures provide mobility without pain within a certain area of the musculoskeletal system, and they also allow loads to be obtained by walking and jumping, scattering it without causing damage to the body.
Arthritis of the joint belongs to a group of diseases with multiple biological sources.This means that the reasons for development are the effects of the entire trigger, including professional harmful, overweight, elderly and malnutrition.Pathogenesis is that certain effects lead to significant deterioration in blood supply and lymphatic flow.
In addition, chondrocytes lose the ability to regenerate rapidly and the product of normal amounts of joint fluid, thereby reducing surface friction during exercise.Gradually, the cartilage becomes rough and begins to wash under the influence of stress during active body movement.
Gradually, the tissue's compensation capacity is exhausted and a layer of chondrocytes is gradually eliminated.When degeneration reaches the bone, obvious pain develops and mobility is significantly reduced.Without proper treatment, the patient will completely lose the ability to exercise actively and can even maintain his needs independently.
Joint symptoms
The person found nothing about arthritis, the disease gradually began and did not show up in the initial stage.Over time, the patient noticed the occurrence of mild pain without a certain location, which was enhanced in the context of significant physical fatigue.The growing degradation leads to the fact that pain appears with slight movements and gains a clear position.
Symptoms of developing arthritis include:
- "pain" in the weather;
- Tighten when moving;
- Stiff in the morning;
- Muscle spasms.
In deep lesions in cartilage, there are signs of local inflammation such as swelling, redness in the skin and locally elevated temperature.If a person does not seek help from a doctor, the symptoms will progress and begin to appear not only in the context of physical exercise.
Thinning of a layer of chondrocytes can cause joint deformation and violate the normal function of the limb.When the pathological focus is felt, the patient will notice the point of maximum pain.Additionally, the cartilage lip will thicken significantly along its edge, which will indicate compensatory hypertrophy.
pain
A large number of violations in the bone joint field have led to certain difficulties in the differential diagnosis process.However, after assessing the nature of the pain, arthritis can be distinguished from arthritis of another cause.In the described state, painful sensations usually occur when attempting to perform active movements.When trying to increase the load on the damaged joint, its strength will gradually increase.
The clinical picture described corresponds to the first stage of the process.During the second and third stages of progress, pain occurs even in full rest and you can only stop them by giving the limb a comfortable position.The difference between arthritis is persistent pain, which does not disappear when the location changes, and can also intensify at night.
joint
The destruction of the natural structure of cartilage will lead to the active proliferation of chondrocytes, but every pluripotent cell in our body has a certain division limit.This phenomenon is called compensation buffering.This means that after a certain amount of mitosis, the cells die and can no longer replicate their own species.
Over time, this leads to a change in the normal shape of the joint gap, the appearance of the so-called "Christ" or product in its cavity and groove.This phenomenon only exacerbates the process, as the spikes formed during the destruction cause additional damage during the movement.
Due to the changes in smoothness of the joint surface and the emergence of nodules and irregularities, the amplitude of active and passive movements is greatly reduced.It is this symptom that often causes patients to seek medical help.Unfortunately, at this stage, the effectiveness of drug treatment is too low and only surgical joint correction can correct this.
These features include:
- High probability of complete disappearance of active and passive movements in the limbs;
- Inventory is observed throughout the day (not only in the morning), just like arthritis;
- In some cases, the limb must be faded manually to make it more convenient.
Sounds in joints
When rubbing joints, many people hear the characteristic "clear" sound.There is a theory that in healthy people, this phenomenon is observed when the pressure of bone joints in the capsule changes, and as a result, the density of synovial fluid changes dramatically, and bubbles rapidly expand and rupture in it, resulting in a layered shape of the earth's crust.This phenomenon is not dangerous, but due to joint nature, similar sounds appear due to other processes.
Crystal cartilage formed during the cartilage destruction of joints and joint lips leads to the formation of cracks and the decoration of ligament decoration.Even inexperienced people can distinguish the sound of joints by arthritis - he is rougher and "dry".The severity and volume of the symptoms are proportional to the stage of the disease.
The details of sounds in joints in joints are:
- They only exist in amazing joints;
- Always accompanied by deterioration in liquidity;
- Export progresses in the later stages of the disease.
Change the appearance of joints
In the initial stages of arthritis development, this process does not lead to changes in the form of the bone joint.A significant change can only be observed when part of the joint is completely removed and the other part still produces chondrocytes.As a result, the pathological area significantly increases and loses its natural form.The specified symptoms are very unfavorable because there is deformation in the area, such as the knee or hip joint, and changes in the lower structure area due to the axial displacement of the applied load will always lead to changes in the lower structure area.
Types and stages of joints
Due to the large list of pathological priorities that may be targeted, the modern classification of arthritis is very branched.
In order to facilitate communication between medical centers and even countries in diagnosing and treating the disease, the main patients are different:
- Hand arthritis;
- cervix;
- ankle;
- knee;
- polyarthritis;
- Fashionable;
- spine.
When establishing a diagnosis, a very important stage is the exact determination of the destruction process phase.Distinguish the stages of joint development:
Stage 1 - The shape of the joint was completely unchanged, and obstacles were observed in the biochemical composition of the intra-articular fluid, with insignificant pain syndromes, and complementing the inflammation manifestations in the joints.
Stage 2 - Degeneration is observed in cartilage fabric, the “Christ” form, stiffness and obvious pain syndromes during movement are connected together.The dispersion of joints around the muscles is reflected.
Stage 3 - Identify the broad focus of cartilage destruction, alter the shape of the joints, significantly reduce or completely absent from active and passive movement in the limbs.At this stage, usually in patients, the Parties will produce movement that completely blocks the affected area.
complication
Uncontrolled damage processes can also lead to serious complications, which, in addition to reducing the quality of life, can also lead to the complete inability to take care of yourself independently.
The most difficult ones include:
- Completely destroying the cartilage tissue of the joint;
- sign;
- The appearance of herniation in the intervertebral disc area;
- The patient's serious disability;
- Significant deformation of limbs.
Joint therapy
Unfortunately, many patients understand what arthritis is and how to treat it at those stages when it is no longer possible to have significant effects.After the first symptoms and lifelong life, correction of the musculoskeletal system is necessary.This is due to the fact that the effects of factors that lead to disease development are rarely unpreventable.For example, age-related changes in blood supply and lymphatic flow of joints require continuous use of vascular drugs.Given the pathogenesis, treatment should be complex and comprehensive.First, after an unpleasant feeling occurs while moving, see an expert from a rheumatologist or trauma scientist.Doctors based on laboratory and tool diagnosis will establish accurate diagnosis and address the issue of prescriptions and appropriate treatment.
Treat with drugs
In the early stages of arthritis, you can correct the situation with the help of medication.To this end, such drugs were used:
- Hormones in the adrenal cortex;
- Non-replacement anti-inflammatory drugs;
- Preparation with cartilage protection.
Complex effects save patients from pain, escalate the inflammatory process and restore normal blood supply in the shortest time.
Latest Therapy
Advanced developments in the field of drug therapy have led to the creation of new drugs that are essentially alternatives to natural synovial fluids.Developed molecules can significantly reduce the process of cartilage degeneration, reduce pain and save patients from inflammation.Artificial synovial fluid is introduced directly into the joint bag every week.The duration of a treatment process is 3-5 weeks.Generally, the results obtained are sufficient to meet a person's normal life span of 6-12 months.The patient claimed that comfort and quality of life had been significantly improved.Unfortunately, this strategy is only applicable to people with stage 1-2 arthritis.
Surgical treatment
Severe damage to large joints (such as hips or knees) is provided for surgery to completely replace the joint at a relatively young age up to 60 years.Today, using ceramic and titanium grafts can completely restore lost functionality.These devices are powerful enough to provide patients with a lifespan of up to 20 years without any mobility issues with replacing joints.
Folk recipes
Non-traditional medicine is widely used in joint treatment.This is due to the fact that after the acute process is stopped, lifelong treatment is required, designed to restore and maintain the natural structure of the cartilage.To achieve the goal, the product used must be safe and most natural.
Compression and lotion with the following plant soups are very popular:
- Ginger root;
- Cinnamon;
- kalanchoe;
- turmeric;
- celery.
Diet Joint Diet
In the introduced pathological treatment, it is very important to provide the human body with a constant nutritional intake.This can only be achieved by following the protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and microelements of the diet in terms of protein, fat content.To compile the most appropriate circuits, you should seek help from a nutritionist.From the diet, it is necessary to remove fast carbohydrates and alcohol.The base of the table should be dishes of fish, red meat and fresh fruit.
It is important to follow the following joint nutrition rules:
- balance;
- Snacks 5-6 times a day;
- Don't eat after 19:00;
- Get rid of overweight.
prevention
Due to the multibiological state, there is no specific prevention of arthritis today.
You can warn of the onset of the disease by observing general advice:
- Appropriate nutrition;
- Exercise 2-3 times a week;
- normalization of weight;
- Frequent fractional nutrition;
- Comply with personal hygiene rules;
- Reject bad habits.
in conclusion
Pathological conditions of the musculoskeletal system are often observed in elderly patients.It is necessary to increase the frequency of early diagnosis of the disease, because only in this case can it be possible to rely on successful outcomes of conservative treatment.The prognosis of work ability is beneficial when the doctors identify and adhere to all prescriptions early.The presence of stage 3 arthritis is accompanied by an adverse prognosis and may cause the patient to be completely unable to serve himself.
However, even the most serious form of the disease can be adjusted with the help of surgical treatment, with the disadvantages being:
- Trauma from surgery;
- High cost;
- Long-term recovery period;
- It cannot be applied to patients over 60 years of age.