Deformable osteoarthritis of the hip is a disease of the elderly, caused by the degenerative process of cartilage tissue. The mismatch of the articular surfaces will accelerate the progression of hip joint arthropathy, resulting in abnormal friction. Some patients developed the disease due to ischemia of the femoral head or direct injury of articular cartilage after femoral neck fracture; in 50% of cases, the etiology is unknown. Doctors use X-rays and computed tomography to diagnose osteoarthritis of the hip joint.
The treatment of hip osteoarthritis is carried out with the latest drugs, which are very effective and have minimal side effects. The doctor discusses serious cases of hip joint disease and decides the strategy for treating each patient. Rehabilitation therapists use innovative repair therapies to slow the progress of articular cartilage degradation.
.jpg)
Signs of hip joint disease
Patients with osteoarthropathy complain of sudden stiffness of the hip joint, which appears after resting and disappears after some activities. At first, the slight pain will last for 1 to 2 days, and it will increase after prolonged weight-bearing.
Usually, defensive claudication is caused by muscle spasms, with a gradual increase in pain and joint stiffness. The arthropathy of the left hip joint exhibits the same symptoms as the arthropathy of the right hip joint. Depending on the site of inflammation, hip joint pain is located along the anterior or posterior surface of the joint. It radiates to the front and inner surface of the thigh and the popliteal fossa. After the limbs are subjected to load and exercise for a long time, the pain syndrome will be exacerbated, especially in the directions of internal rotation, abduction, and extension. Patients often complain of increased pain in humid and cold weather, and notice that the pain is reduced after warming and taking acetylsalicylic acid preparations.
In the acute phase of hip joint arthropathy-arthritis, patients will notice soreness in the inflamed part of the joint capsule, accompanied by muscle spasms, swallowing the adductor muscles of the thigh. The orthopedist performs the Faber test: the patient places the heel of the affected limb on the back of the healthy foot and slides it upwards to the skin on the surface of the shin tibia to the knee. Any inflammatory process of the hip joint will be positive.
In the early stages of hip joint disease, the X-rays did not change. Later, radiologists occasionally find subchondral sclerosis, which gradually causes the joint space to narrow. Another sign is the flattening of the head at the upper pole, accompanied by cystic changes in the area.
Degree of arthropathy of the hip joint
With the development of the disease, hip joint deformity arthropathy has gone through several stages, distinguishing three levels of disease.
The first-degree deformed joint is the initial stage of the disease, and there is still no significant change in the joint tissue structure at this time. Pain syndrome usually does not exist, if it does occur, it is in the context of the inflammatory process. Patients may complain of stiffness and fatigue. First-degree osteoarthritis of the hip is usually asymptomatic.
2 degree deformed joints, with obvious morphological changes. The articular surface is uneven, with obvious bone hyperplasia on it. The bone tissue in the joint area becomes less strong. Due to the inflammatory process, the synovial membrane is greatly thickened. The pain may be dull, painful and persistent, or it may happen suddenly.
In the case of Grade 3 deformed joints, the pain becomes very severe and will not go away even if you rest for a long time. The range of motion of the diseased joint is reduced, and the axis of the limb may be disturbed. Ulcers and decayed areas can form in the cartilage tissue covering the joint surface.
How to treat hip joint disease
Conservative treatment of hip joint disease is carried out when the disease has deteriorated. It includes limb removal, traction, warmth and massage. In order to reduce the inflammatory process, salicylate is prescribed. Glucocorticoids were injected for 1st and 2nd degree hip joint arthropathy. In the third stage of deformed hip joints, the only effective treatment is to replace the hip joint with an endoprosthesis in a planned way.
Use physical therapy, exercise therapy, diet correction for comprehensive treatment of hip joint disease. Effective treatment in the initial stage of the disease can prevent patients with 1st and 2nd degree hip joint arthropathy from undergoing arthroplasty and limit the need for medication.
Surgical treatment of deformable hip joint disease
Third-degree hip joint disease, when conservative treatment cannot be relieved, only prosthetic limbs can help relieve the pain and discomfort of the patient and restore the joy of exercise. If there is fluid in the joint, pump it out after the puncture. Corticosteroids are injected into the hip joint at the same time.
With the help of arthroscopic debridement, the inner surface of the joint is removed from the changed cartilage tissue fragments, and the joint cavity is flushed with a therapeutic solution to relieve the inflammatory process. Periarticular osteotomy is an artificial fracture of the femur, which is then fused at different angles. Surgery can reduce the pressure on the joints.
Rehabilitation methods for deformed joints
For the treatment of patients with hip osteoarthritis, the following types of physical therapy are used:
- Shockwave therapy-contact with sound waves to provide blood flow to the required areas of the body, stimulate the regeneration process and accelerate metabolism;
- Muscle stimulation to restore the work of muscles weakened by limited joint movement;
- Ultrasound is a method that combines the advantages of ultrasound and drugs on the body (under the influence of the device, drugs in the form of ointments or creams penetrate the hip joint through the skin more effectively);
- Ozone therapy-due to the characteristics of the ozone-oxygen mixture, it reduces discomfort and activates the growth of cartilage tissue.
Exercise therapy is considered to be the basis for the successful treatment of joint disease in any area. The regular implementation of a special gymnastic exercise system can strengthen the ligaments and muscles around the joints affected by the pathological process, thereby reducing discomfort under daily pressure. The exercise therapy instructor individually selects 1, 2 and 3 degree exercises for hip joint disease. Rehabilitation clinic specialists perform various types of massage, including lymphatic drainage, and use innovative manual treatment techniques to perform passive work on muscles, ligaments and joints. The method used to help patients with hip joint disease reduces the pills and injections required to deform the joints, thereby reducing the pharmacological burden on the body.
The rehabilitation clinic is equipped with modern machinery and computer simulators from the world's leading manufacturers. They help to exercise joints without a lot of physical strength, which are especially popular among the elderly. Using a special traction device or chiropractor's hand to stretch the joints can increase the space inside the joints, thereby "rewinding" the pathological process a few steps, alleviating symptoms and giving the body time to restore joint function of the hip joint.
Diet therapy is necessary for all hip osteoarthritis patients, but it is most important for overweight people. Losing weight can reduce the pressure on inflamed joints and improve metabolism. Combined with other conservative methods, a balanced diet can make you forget about hip pain and other joint disease-arthritis manifestations.
Hip joint arthropathy gymnastics
Gymnastics exercises for hip joint disease are not prescribed in the following cases:
- With arthropathy-the deterioration of arthritis;
- After the most recent major surgery;
- In the presence of a hernia, an acute disease of the internal organs;
- During menstruation
- Body temperature increased by more than 37. 50with.
The therapist selects all exercises individually. The exercise therapy instructor will consider the age of the patient, the severity of the pathological process, and whether there are accompanying diseases. For osteoarthritis, carefully selected gymnastics should provide useful load on the muscles and ligaments of the hip joint, not the joint, because it has worn out.
The comprehensive gymnastics exercise for hip joint disease includes more static exercises rather than dynamic exercises. Static exercises are exercises where you need to fix your body position within a few seconds. If this exercise is sufficient, the muscles and ligaments of the legs will bear the necessary load to restore the joints. The hip joint itself occupies a small proportion in this type of exercise, and it will not wear out.